Bones, as a musical instrument, have been dated back to 1600 B.C. in Egypt, but their popularity first gained prominence in Ireland where Irish rhythms' were naturally suited to them. In medieval Europe roving performers played oxen ribs as a rhythm accompaniment to their melodies.

In the 1800's, Bones were frequently played in American minstrel shows. The familiar clatter of Bones was prevalent in traditional jazz of the 1920's and remained popular until the beginning of the 1940's.
And today, with the resurgence of traditional music, Bones have once again risen in popularity in rhythm accompaniments and solo melodies.